India–Pakistan “Four-Day War” and Ceasefire

In early May, a terrorist attack led to a sudden military escalation between India and Pakistan. Over four days, both nuclear-armed nations carried out unprecedented cross-border strikes – India using cruise missiles and Pakistan responding with ballistic missiles – marking their fiercest confrontation in decades. The crisis culminated on May 10 with a U.S.-brokered ceasefire announced by President Donald Trump, though sporadic clashes continued even after the agreement.

This was the most serious India–Pakistan conflict since the 1999 Kargil War, crossing new thresholds in range and weaponry. The four-day war raised global fears of a broader war between two nuclear powers and highlighted the role of international diplomacy in defusing such crises. It underscored enduring volatility in South Asia and the urgent need for mechanisms to manage India–Pakistan tensions to prevent future escalations.